HMPV Virus: Suspected Case in Bengaluru and What You Need to Know

A suspected case of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) has been reported in an eight-month-old child in Bengaluru, detected at a private hospital. The hospital has informed health authorities, though the state health department has not independently verified the results yet. However, they trust the private facility’s testing procedures. According to a health department official, “We trust the accuracy of their testing procedures.”

While the Karnataka Health Department previously reported no cases of HMPV in the state, the discovery of this suspected case has raised concerns. Health officials emphasize that confirmation of the infection will only be made once further lab results are obtained.

What is the HMPV Virus?

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a respiratory virus that generally causes mild to moderate flu-like symptoms. It is most common during the winter and early spring months and spreads through direct contact with infected individuals or contaminated surfaces. Symptoms typically include cough, fever, sore throat, and a runny or stuffy nose, with some individuals experiencing wheezing or shortness of breath. In rare cases, particularly among the very young, elderly, or those with weakened immune systems, HMPV can lead to more severe respiratory illnesses like pneumonia or bronchiolitis.

Though similar to other respiratory viruses such as RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus), measles, and mumps, HMPV currently lacks a vaccine and has no antiviral treatments. Most individuals recover with rest and hydration, but in severe cases, hospitalization and supportive treatments like oxygen therapy may be necessary.

First identified in 2001 by researchers in the Netherlands, HMPV is now recognized as a major cause of respiratory infections, particularly during the winter and spring seasons.

HMPV Virus Symptoms

Infections caused by HMPV usually present with mild symptoms, including:

• Cough
• Runny nose or nasal congestion
• Sore throat
• Fever

In some cases, HMPV can lead to more severe illness, such as:

• Wheezing
• Difficulty breathing
• Hoarseness
• Pneumonia
• Worsening asthma in adults

HMPV infections can be particularly serious in children under one year of age, the elderly, and individuals with compromised immune systems.

Who is at Risk?

While anyone can contract HMPV, certain groups are at higher risk, including:

• Young children: Children under five, especially those under one year old, are particularly vulnerable. Around 5-16% of cases in young children can progress to more severe lower respiratory tract infections like pneumonia.
• Elderly individuals: Older adults are also at greater risk of severe symptoms.
• People with weakened immune systems: Individuals with compromised immunity are more likely to experience serious illness.

Health experts advise that while there is no immediate cause for panic, those in high-risk groups should take extra precautions to avoid exposure to the virus, especially during the peak winter and spring months.